Electrical Switch Station

The electrical switch station, also known as the power switch station, is an important component of the urban power grid and can be understood as the "transfer station" or "dispatching room" of electricity. Although it has no transformer and does not change the voltage level, it undertakes the key tasks of receiving, distributing and controlling the flow of electrical energy.

The main function of a switchgear station is to concentrate and redistribute power at the same voltage level to enhance the reliability, flexibility and economy of power supply,the switchgear station is a key node in modern intelligent power distribution networks.

 

 

The main functions of the electrical switch station are as following:

1. Collection and distribution of electrical energy: Collect and distribute multiple high-voltage lines (such as 10kV or 20kV) from the upper-level substation to surrounding users or lower-level distribution facilities.
2. Enhance power supply reliability:
Multiple power supply incoming lines: Usually, there are two or more power supply incoming lines, forming a ring network power supply structure. When one power supply fails, it can quickly switch to the normal power supply, achieving power outage without interruption.
Isolating faults: Quickly disconnect the faulty outgoing line to isolate the fault point, ensuring normal power supply for other lines.
3. Monitoring and protection: Equipped with relay protection devices and monitoring systems, real-time monitoring of current, voltage, etc. parameters, for fault judgment and power restoration.
4. Reducing the pressure on substation outgoing corridors: By building distribution substations in load centers, effectively utilizing high-voltage lines, distributing electrical energy to more users, and alleviating the tension of substation outgoing lines.

 

 

The electrical switch station mainly including following components:

1. Switch cabinets (core equipment):

• AIS (Air Insulated Switchgear): Traditional type, with a large volume.
• GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear): Uses SF6 and other gases for insulation, featuring a compact structure, small footprint, high reliability.

2. Main electrical components:

• inlet-outlet line switches: Load switches or circuit breakers.
• Busbars: Conductors that collect and distribute electrical energy.
• Transformers: Including CT (Current Transformer) and PT (Voltage Transformer), used for measurement and protection.
• Relay protection devices: Monitor abnormal conditions and issue trip instructions.
• Fuses: Prevent lightning overvoltage from damaging equipment.

3. Auxiliary systems:

• DC Operating Power Supply System: Provides power for protection devices and switch operations.
• SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System): Achieves "remote measurement, remote signaling, remote control, and remote adjustment" functions.
• Environmental Control System: Includes lighting, ventilation, fire protection, and security (access control, video surveillance).

 

 

Technical Parameter	Description
Voltage Level	Common voltage levels: 10kV, 20kV, 35kV, etc.
Rated Current	Typically ranges from hundreds to thousands of amperes
Short-Circuit Current	Maximum short-circuit current value, in kA
Insulation Level	Includes power frequency withstand voltage and impulse withstand voltage
Frequency	AC frequency, typically 50Hz or 60Hz
Equipment Type	Air-insulated switchgear (AIS) or gas-insulated switchgear (GIS)
Switch Type	Load switch, circuit breaker, etc.
Busbar Configuration	Single busbar, double busbar, etc.
Protection Devices	Types and quantities of relay protection devices
Environmental Conditions	Operating temperature range, humidity, altitude, etc.

 

 

Feature	SwitchingStation(开闭所)	Substation(变电站)
Core Function	Distribute and route electrical power (same voltage level)	Transform, distribute, and control electrical power (different voltage levels)
Voltage Change	No (Input and output voltage are the same, e.g., 10kV in, 10kV out)	Yes (Core function, e.g., steps down 110kV to 10kV, or steps up voltage)
Key Equipment	Switchgear (load switches, circuit breakers, isolators), protective relays	Transformer (core), switchgear, capacitor banks, reactive power compensators, monitoring systems
Transformer Presence	No (may have a small distribution transformer only for auxiliary power)	Yes (Core equipment for changing voltage levels)
Scale & Level	Relatively small scale, usually at the distribution network level (medium voltage, e.g., 10kV/35kV)	Varies widely, covering all levels from transmission to distribution network (from EHV 500kV to LV 0.4kV)
Proximity to Users	Closer to end-users, typically supplying a district, several buildings, or large facilities	Farther from users (HV substations) or directly near users (distribution substations)

 

 

 

 

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